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It is possible to override this by specifying totality:: class Point2D(TypedDict, total=False): x: int y: int This means that a Point2D TypedDict can have any of the keys omitted. A type checker is only expected to support a literal False or True as the value of the total argument. True is the default, and makes all items defined in the class body be required. The Required and NotRequired special forms can also be used to mark individual keys as being required or not required:: class Point2D(TypedDict): x: int # the "x" key must always be present (Required is the default) y: NotRequired[int] # the "y" key can be omitted See PEP 655 for more details on Required and NotRequired. N2Failing to pass a value for the 'fields' parameter(Passing `None` as the 'fields' parameter`z = TypedDict(z, {})`z is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python 3.15. 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This is often the same as obj.__annotations__, but it handles forward references encoded as string literals, adds Optional[t] if a default value equal to None is set and recursively replaces all 'Annotated[T, ...]', 'Required[T]' or 'NotRequired[T]' with 'T' (unless 'include_extras=True'). The argument may be a module, class, method, or function. The annotations are returned as a dictionary. For classes, annotations include also inherited members. TypeError is raised if the argument is not of a type that can contain annotations, and an empty dictionary is returned if no annotations are present. BEWARE -- the behavior of globalns and localns is counterintuitive (unless you are familiar with how eval() and exec() work). The search order is locals first, then globals. - If no dict arguments are passed, an attempt is made to use the globals from obj (or the respective module's globals for classes), and these are also used as the locals. If the object does not appear to have globals, an empty dictionary is used. - If one dict argument is passed, it is used for both globals and locals. - If two dict arguments are passed, they specify globals and locals, respectively. r%T)globalnslocalnsinclude_extras)rrcSsi|] \}}|t|qSrur)rkrrururxrsz"get_type_hints..)rrr2r)rrrrhintrururxr2s r2r%csHeZdZdZfddZddZddZdd Zd d Zd d Z Z S)raKRuntime representation of an annotated type. At its core 'Annotated[t, dec1, dec2, ...]' is an alias for the type 't' with extra annotations. The alias behaves like a normal typing alias, instantiating is the same as instantiating the underlying type, binding it to types is also the same. cs2t|tr |j|}|j}t||||_dSr)rr __metadata__rrr)rwrmetadatarrurxrs   z_AnnotatedAlias.__init__cCs$t|dksJ|d}t||jS)Nrr)rrr)rwrnew_typerururxr s z_AnnotatedAlias.copy_withcCs,dt|jdddd|jDdS)Nztyping_extensions.Annotated[, csrr)reprrrururxrrJz+_AnnotatedAlias.__repr__..])r _type_reprrjoinrrvrururxrysz_AnnotatedAlias.__repr__cCstjt|jg|jRffSr)rgetitemr%rrrvrururx __reduce__sz_AnnotatedAlias.__reduce__cCs*t|tstS|j|jkrdS|j|jkS)NF)rrrrrrwrrururxrs   z_AnnotatedAlias.__eq__cCt|j|jfSr)rrrrvrururxrz_AnnotatedAlias.__hash__) r|r}r~rrr ryrrrrrururrxrs rc@s2eZdZdZdZddZejddZddZ d S) r%aAdd context specific metadata to a type. Example: Annotated[int, runtime_check.Unsigned] indicates to the hypothetical runtime_check module that this type is an unsigned int. Every other consumer of this type can ignore this metadata and treat this type as int. The first argument to Annotated must be a valid type (and will be in the __origin__ field), the remaining arguments are kept as a tuple in the __extra__ field. Details: - It's an error to call `Annotated` with less than two arguments. - Nested Annotated are flattened:: Annotated[Annotated[T, Ann1, Ann2], Ann3] == Annotated[T, Ann1, Ann2, Ann3] - Instantiating an annotated type is equivalent to instantiating the underlying type:: Annotated[C, Ann1](5) == C(5) - Annotated can be used as a generic type alias:: Optimized = Annotated[T, runtime.Optimize()] Optimized[int] == Annotated[int, runtime.Optimize()] OptimizedList = Annotated[List[T], runtime.Optimize()] OptimizedList[int] == Annotated[List[int], runtime.Optimize()] rucOr)Nz&Type Annotated cannot be instantiated.rrrururxr*zAnnotated.__new__cCsnt|tr t|dkrtdttf}t|d|vr |d}n d}t|d|}t|dd}t ||S)Nr zUAnnotated[...] should be used with at least two arguments (a type and an annotation).rz$Annotated[t, ...]: t must be a type.r) rrrrrrr/rrr)rrallowed_special_formsrrrrururx__class_getitem__-s  zAnnotated.__class_getitem__cOstd|jd)NCannot subclass z .Annotated)rr}rrururxrK<s zAnnotated.__init_subclass__N) r|r}r~rrNrrr rrKrurururxr%s   )_BaseGenericAlias)rcCs>t|trtSt|tjttttfr|j S|tj urtj SdS)a6Get the unsubscripted version of a type. This supports generic types, Callable, Tuple, Union, Literal, Final, ClassVar and Annotated. Return None for unsupported types. Examples:: get_origin(Literal[42]) is Literal get_origin(int) is None get_origin(ClassVar[int]) is ClassVar get_origin(Generic) is Generic get_origin(Generic[T]) is Generic get_origin(Union[T, int]) is Union get_origin(List[Tuple[T, T]][int]) == list get_origin(P.args) is P N) rrr%rr_typing_GenericAliasrrr rrSrrururxr/Ts   r/cCs|t|tr |jg|jRSt|tjtfr.) has_default __default__) type_paramrrurrx _set_defaults rcCs tdd}|dkr||_dSdS)Nror%r)r'r}) typevarlikedef_modrururx _set_modules  rc@seZdZdZdZeZdS) _DefaultMixinzMixin for TypeVarLike defaults.ruN)r|r}r~rrNrrrurururxrsrc@seZdZdedefddZdS)_TypeVarLikeMeta_TypeVarLikeMeta__instancerDcCs t||jSr)r_backported_typevarlike)rrrururxr z"_TypeVarLikeMeta.__instancecheck__N)r|r}r~rboolrrurururxrsr)r c@s6eZdZdZejZdddeddddZd dd Z dS) r zType variable.NF)boundrrrinfer_variancec sttdrtj|g|R||||dntj|g|R|||d|r-|s)|r-td|_t|tfdd}|_S)Nr@rrrrrrrz1Variance cannot be specified with infer_variance.cs,r|jt|kr|jf7}|Sr)r__parameters__indexrr)aliasrtypevarrurx_tvar_prepare_substs  z,TypeVar.__new__.._tvar_prepare_subst)rrr r$__infer_variance__rr__typing_prepare_subst__) rrrrrrr constraintsrrurrxrs     zTypeVar.__new__rDcCtdtd)Ntype 'z(.TypeVar' is not an acceptable base typerrErururxrKrzTypeVar.__init_subclass__rDN) r|r}r~rrr rrarrKrurururxr s r rc@s$eZdZdZdZddZddZdS) _Immutablez3Mixin to indicate that object should not be copied.rucCrrrurvrururx__copy__rzz_Immutable.__copy__cCrrru)rwmemorururx __deepcopy__rzz_Immutable.__deepcopy__N)r|r}r~rrNrrrurururxr s  rc@(eZdZdZddZddZddZdS) raQThe args for a ParamSpec object. Given a ParamSpec object P, P.args is an instance of ParamSpecArgs. ParamSpecArgs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec: P.args.__origin__ is P This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to static type checkers. cC ||_dSrrrwrrururxr!rzParamSpecArgs.__init__cC|jjdS)Nz.argsrr|rvrururxry$zParamSpecArgs.__repr__cCt|tstS|j|jkSr)rrrrrrururxr'  zParamSpecArgs.__eq__Nr|r}r~rrryrrurururxr   c@r) r a[The kwargs for a ParamSpec object. Given a ParamSpec object P, P.kwargs is an instance of ParamSpecKwargs. ParamSpecKwargs objects have a reference back to their ParamSpec: P.kwargs.__origin__ is P This type is meant for runtime introspection and has no special meaning to static type checkers. cCrrr r rururxr8rzParamSpecKwargs.__init__cCr )Nz.kwargsr rvrururxry;r zParamSpecKwargs.__repr__cCrr)rr rrrrururxr>rzParamSpecKwargs.__eq__Nrrurururxr ,rr )rrc@s6eZdZdZejZddddedddZd dd Z dS) rzParameter specification.NFrrrrrcs`ttdrtj|||||dn tj||||d|_t|tfdd}|_S)Nr@rrcs|j}|}|t|krrg|j}|t|kr&td|t|dkr>t|ds>|dks9J|f}|St||t r\g|d|t ||||ddR}|S)NToo few arguments for rr) rrrrrrr_is_param_exprrrr)rrri paramspecrurx_paramspec_prepare_substbs   .z3ParamSpec.__new__.._paramspec_prepare_subst)rrrrrrr)rrrrrrrrrurrxrPs   zParamSpec.__new__rDcCr)Nrz*.ParamSpec' is not an acceptable base typerrErururxrKurzParamSpec.__init_subclass__r) r|r}r~rrrrrarrKrurururxrKs %c@sleZdZdZejZeddZeddZ dddde dd d Z d d Z d dZ ddZddZddZdS)ra'Parameter specification variable. Usage:: P = ParamSpec('P') Parameter specification variables exist primarily for the benefit of static type checkers. They are used to forward the parameter types of one callable to another callable, a pattern commonly found in higher order functions and decorators. They are only valid when used in ``Concatenate``, or s the first argument to ``Callable``. In Python 3.10 and higher, they are also supported in user-defined Generics at runtime. See class Generic for more information on generic types. An example for annotating a decorator:: T = TypeVar('T') P = ParamSpec('P') def add_logging(f: Callable[P, T]) -> Callable[P, T]: '''A type-safe decorator to add logging to a function.''' def inner(*args: P.args, **kwargs: P.kwargs) -> T: logging.info(f'{f.__name__} was called') return f(*args, **kwargs) return inner @add_logging def add_two(x: float, y: float) -> float: '''Add two numbers together.''' return x + y Parameter specification variables defined with covariant=True or contravariant=True can be used to declare covariant or contravariant generic types. These keyword arguments are valid, but their actual semantics are yet to be decided. See PEP 612 for details. Parameter specification variables can be introspected. e.g.: P.__name__ == 'T' P.__bound__ == None P.__covariant__ == False P.__contravariant__ == False Note that only parameter specification variables defined in global scope can be pickled. cCt|Sr)rrvrururxrrzParamSpec.argscCrr)r rvrururxrrzParamSpec.kwargsNFrcCstt||g||_t||_t||_t||_|r#t|d|_ nd|_ t ||t }|dkr8||_ dSdS)NzBound must be a type.r) rrr|r __covariant____contravariant__rrr __bound__rr'r})rwrrrrrrrrururxrs     zParamSpec.__init__cCs2|jrd}n|jr d}n|jrd}nd}||jS)N+-~)rrrr|)rwprefixrururxrys zParamSpec.__repr__cCrrrrrvrururxrrzParamSpec.__hash__cC||uSrrurrururxrrzParamSpec.__eq__cC|jSrr|rvrururxrzParamSpec.__reduce__cOrXrrur-rururxrhrzzParamSpec.__call__)r|r}r~rrr rpropertyrrrarryrrrrhrurururxr|s/     rcsJeZdZejZdZfddZddZddZ dd Z e d d Z Z S) _ConcatenateGenericAliasFcst|||_||_dSr)rrrr)rwrrrrurxrs  z!_ConcatenateGenericAlias.__init__cs2tj|jddfdd|jDdS)N[rc3s|]}|VqdSrru)rr0rrurxrrJz4_ConcatenateGenericAlias.__repr__..r)rrrrrrvrur*rxrys z!_ConcatenateGenericAlias.__repr__cCrr)rrrrvrururxrrz!_ConcatenateGenericAlias.__hash__cOrXrrur-rururxrhrzz!_ConcatenateGenericAlias.__call__cCstdd|jDS)Ncss$|] }t|tjtfr|VqdSr)rrr r)rrrururxrs  z:_ConcatenateGenericAlias.__parameters__..)rrrvrururxrsz'_ConcatenateGenericAlias.__parameters__)r|r}r~rrrrrryrrhr'rrrururrxr(s r(csZ|dkrtdt|ts|f}t|dtstddtfdd|D}t||S)Nruz&Cannot take a Concatenate of no types.rzAThe last parameter to Concatenate should be a ParamSpec variable.z/Concatenate[arg, ...]: each arg must be a type.c3rrrrrrurxrrz'_concatenate_getitem..)rrrrr(rrurrx_concatenate_getitems  r+cC t||S)&Used in conjunction with ``ParamSpec`` and ``Callable`` to represent a higher order function which adds, removes or transforms parameters of a callable. For example:: Callable[Concatenate[int, P], int] See PEP 612 for detailed information. r+rrururxrs c@rr)_ConcatenateFormcCr,rr.rrururxr)rz_ConcatenateForm.__getitem__Nr|r}r~rrurururxr/(rr/r-rAcC t||d}t||fS) Special typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined type guard function. ``TypeGuard`` only accepts a single type argument. At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean. ``TypeGuard`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a program's code flow. Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code. The conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard". Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function as a type guard. Such a function should use ``TypeGuard[...]`` as its return type to alert static type checkers to this intention. Using ``-> TypeGuard`` tells the static type checker that for a given function: 1. The return value is a boolean. 2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument is the type inside ``TypeGuard``. For example:: def is_str(val: Union[str, float]): # "isinstance" type guard if isinstance(val, str): # Type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``str`` ... else: # Else, type of ``val`` is narrowed to ``float``. ... Strict type narrowing is not enforced -- ``TypeB`` need not be a narrower form of ``TypeA`` (it can even be a wider form) and this may lead to type-unsafe results. The main reason is to allow for things like narrowing ``List[object]`` to ``List[str]`` even though the latter is not a subtype of the former, since ``List`` is invariant. The responsibility of writing type-safe type guards is left to the user. ``TypeGuard`` also works with type variables. For more information, see PEP 647 (User-Defined Type Guards).  accepts only a single type.rrrrwritemrururxrA>s,c@rr)_TypeGuardFormcC"t||jd}t||fSNz accepts only a single typerrrrr5rururxro z_TypeGuardForm.__getitem__Nr0rurururxr7nrr7r2rBcCr1)zSpecial typing form used to annotate the return type of a user-defined type narrower function. ``TypeIs`` only accepts a single type argument. At runtime, functions marked this way should return a boolean. ``TypeIs`` aims to benefit *type narrowing* -- a technique used by static type checkers to determine a more precise type of an expression within a program's code flow. Usually type narrowing is done by analyzing conditional code flow and applying the narrowing to a block of code. The conditional expression here is sometimes referred to as a "type guard". Sometimes it would be convenient to use a user-defined boolean function as a type guard. Such a function should use ``TypeIs[...]`` as its return type to alert static type checkers to this intention. Using ``-> TypeIs`` tells the static type checker that for a given function: 1. The return value is a boolean. 2. If the return value is ``True``, the type of its argument is the intersection of the type inside ``TypeGuard`` and the argument's previously known type. For example:: def is_awaitable(val: object) -> TypeIs[Awaitable[Any]]: return hasattr(val, '__await__') def f(val: Union[int, Awaitable[int]]) -> int: if is_awaitable(val): assert_type(val, Awaitable[int]) else: assert_type(val, int) ``TypeIs`` also works with type variables. For more information, see PEP 742 (Narrowing types with TypeIs). r3r4r5rururxrBs&c@rr) _TypeIsFormcCr8r9r:r5rururxrr;z_TypeIsForm.__getitem__Nr0rurururxr=rr=r<c@sneZdZdZddZddZddZdd Zd d Zd d Z ddZ ddZ ddZ ddZ ejddZdS) _SpecialForm)rr_getitemcCs||_|j|_|j|_dSr)r?r|rrrwrrururxrs z_SpecialForm.__init__cCs|dvr|jSt|)N>r|r~)rr)rwr6rururx __getattr__sz_SpecialForm.__getattr__cCtd|)Nrr)rwr6rururxri r z_SpecialForm.__mro_entries__cCs d|jSrrrvrururxryrz_SpecialForm.__repr__cCr$rrrvrururxrr&z_SpecialForm.__reduce__cOrB)NzCannot instantiate rrwrkwdsrururxrhr z_SpecialForm.__call__cCtj||fSrrrjrrururx__or__r z_SpecialForm.__or__cCtj||fSrrFrrururx__ror__r z_SpecialForm.__ror__cCr)Nz! cannot be used with isinstance()rrrururxrr z_SpecialForm.__instancecheck__cCr)Nz! cannot be used with issubclass()r)rwrrururxr<"r z_SpecialForm.__subclasscheck__cCs |||Sr)r?rrururxr%rz_SpecialForm.__getitem__N)r|r}r~rNrrAriryrrhrGrIrr<rr rrurururxr>sr>rcCr)aDRepresents an arbitrary literal string. Example:: from typing_extensions import LiteralString def query(sql: LiteralString) -> ...: ... query("SELECT * FROM table") # ok query(f"SELECT * FROM {input()}") # not ok See PEP 675 for details. rrrwrrururxr-sr cCr)zUsed to spell the type of "self" in classes. Example:: from typing import Self class ReturnsSelf: def parse(self, data: bytes) -> Self: ... return self rrrJrururxr DsrDcCr)aThe bottom type, a type that has no members. This can be used to define a function that should never be called, or a function that never returns:: from typing_extensions import Never def never_call_me(arg: Never) -> None: pass def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None: never_call_me(arg) # type checker error match arg: case int(): print("It's an int") case str(): print("It's a str") case _: never_call_me(arg) # ok, arg is of type Never rrrJrururxrDYsrGcCr8)A special typing construct to mark a key of a total=False TypedDict as required. For example: class Movie(TypedDict, total=False): title: Required[str] year: int m = Movie( title='The Matrix', # typechecker error if key is omitted year=1999, ) There is no runtime checking that a required key is actually provided when instantiating a related TypedDict. r3r:r5rururxrGxscCr8)`A special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as potentially missing. For example: class Movie(TypedDict): title: str year: NotRequired[int] m = Movie( title='The Matrix', # typechecker error if key is omitted year=1999, ) r3r:r5rururxrHsrHc@rr) _RequiredFormcCr8Nr3r:r5rururxrr;z_RequiredForm.__getitem__Nr0rurururxrMrrMrKrLcCr8)aA special typing construct to mark an item of a TypedDict as read-only. For example: class Movie(TypedDict): title: ReadOnly[str] year: int def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None: m["year"] = 1992 # allowed m["title"] = "The Matrix" # typechecker error There is no runtime checking for this property. r3r:r5rururxrFsc@rr) _ReadOnlyFormcCr8rNr:r5rururxrr;z_ReadOnlyForm.__getitem__Nr0rurururxrOrrOaA special typing construct to mark a key of a TypedDict as read-only. For example: class Movie(TypedDict): title: ReadOnly[str] year: int def mutate_movie(m: Movie) -> None: m["year"] = 1992 # allowed m["title"] = "The Matrix" # typechecker error There is no runtime checking for this propery. aType unpack operator. The type unpack operator takes the child types from some container type, such as `tuple[int, str]` or a `TypeVarTuple`, and 'pulls them out'. For example: # For some generic class `Foo`: Foo[Unpack[tuple[int, str]]] # Equivalent to Foo[int, str] Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts') # Specifies that `Bar` is generic in an arbitrary number of types. # (Think of `Ts` as a tuple of an arbitrary number of individual # `TypeVar`s, which the `Unpack` is 'pulling out' directly into the # `Generic[]`.) class Bar(Generic[Unpack[Ts]]): ... Bar[int] # Valid Bar[int, str] # Also valid From Python 3.11, this can also be done using the `*` operator: Foo[*tuple[int, str]] class Bar(Generic[*Ts]): ... The operator can also be used along with a `TypedDict` to annotate `**kwargs` in a function signature. For instance: class Movie(TypedDict): name: str year: int # This function expects two keyword arguments - *name* of type `str` and # *year* of type `int`. def foo(**kwargs: Unpack[Movie]): ... Note that there is only some runtime checking of this operator. Not everything the runtime allows may be accepted by static type checkers. For more information, see PEP 646 and PEP 692. cCs t|tuSr)r/rrrururx _is_unpack! rrQcseZdZfddZZS)_UnpackSpecialFormcst|t|_dSr)rr _UNPACK_DOCrr@rrurxr& s  z_UnpackSpecialForm.__init__)r|r}r~rrrururrxrR% srRc@seZdZejZeddZdS) _UnpackAliascCsV|jtusJt|jdksJ|j\}t|tjtjfr)|jt ur&t d|jSdS)Nrz*Unpack[...] must be used with a tuple type) rrrrrrrrrrr)rwr0rururx__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__- s z+_UnpackAlias.__typing_unpacked_tuple_args__N)r|r}r~rr rr'rUrurururxrT* srTcC t||jd}t||fSrNrrrrTr5rururxr8 s rcC t|tSrrrTrPrururxrQ= rc@seZdZejZdS)rTN)r|r}r~rr rrurururxrTA s c@rr) _UnpackFormcCrVrNrWr5rururxrE s  z_UnpackForm.__getitem__Nr0rurururxrZD rrZcCrXrrYrPrururxrQL r)r r cGsLg}|D]}t|dd}|dur|r|ddus||q||q|S)NrUr.)rrr)rnewargsr0subargsrururx _unpack_argsU s   r]c@s,eZdZdZejZedddZddZ dS)r zType variable tuple.rcs2t|t|tfdd}|_S)Ncs|j}|}||ddD]}t|trtd|qt|}t|}|}||d}d} d} t|D]+\} } t| tsbt| dd} | rbt| dkrb| ddurb| dur\td| } | d} q7| durvt || }t ||| d}n|||krtd |d |d |d|||kr rt j }n||||}g|d|| g|||| g||||d|||dRS) Nrz(More than one TypeVarTuple parameter in rUr r.z6More than one unpacked arbitrary-length tuple argumentrrrz, expected at least ) rrrr rr enumeraterrminrr]r)rrrtypevartuple_indexparamalenplenleftrightvar_tuple_indexfillargrr0r\ replacementtvtrurx_typevartuple_prepare_substj s`           z9TypeVarTuple.__new__.._typevartuple_prepare_subst)rr rrr)rrrrkrurirxre s   -zTypeVarTuple.__new__cOr)N&Cannot subclass special typing classesrrCrururxrK rTypeVarTuple.__init_subclass__N) r|r}r~rrr rrarrKrurururxr ` s  5c@sTeZdZdZejZddZedddZ ddZ d d Z d d Z d dZ ddZdS)r aType variable tuple. Usage:: Ts = TypeVarTuple('Ts') In the same way that a normal type variable is a stand-in for a single type such as ``int``, a type variable *tuple* is a stand-in for a *tuple* type such as ``Tuple[int, str]``. Type variable tuples can be used in ``Generic`` declarations. Consider the following example:: class Array(Generic[*Ts]): ... The ``Ts`` type variable tuple here behaves like ``tuple[T1, T2]``, where ``T1`` and ``T2`` are type variables. To use these type variables as type parameters of ``Array``, we must *unpack* the type variable tuple using the star operator: ``*Ts``. The signature of ``Array`` then behaves as if we had simply written ``class Array(Generic[T1, T2]): ...``. In contrast to ``Generic[T1, T2]``, however, ``Generic[*Shape]`` allows us to parameterise the class with an *arbitrary* number of type parameters. Type variable tuples can be used anywhere a normal ``TypeVar`` can. This includes class definitions, as shown above, as well as function signatures and variable annotations:: class Array(Generic[*Ts]): def __init__(self, shape: Tuple[*Ts]): self._shape: Tuple[*Ts] = shape def get_shape(self) -> Tuple[*Ts]: return self._shape shape = (Height(480), Width(640)) x: Array[Height, Width] = Array(shape) y = abs(x) # Inferred type is Array[Height, Width] z = x + x # ... is Array[Height, Width] x.get_shape() # ... is tuple[Height, Width] ccs|jVdSr) __unpacked__rvrururx__iter__ s zTypeVarTuple.__iter__rcCs4||_t||t}|dkr||_t||_dS)Nr)r|rrr'r}rrn)rwrrrrururxr s  zTypeVarTuple.__init__cCr$rr%rvrururxry r&zTypeVarTuple.__repr__cCrrr"rvrururxr rzTypeVarTuple.__hash__cCr#rrurrururxr rzTypeVarTuple.__eq__cCr$rr%rvrururxr r&zTypeVarTuple.__reduce__cOsd|vrtddS)NrrlrrCrururxrK srmN)r|r}r~rrr rrorarryrrrrKrurururxr s,  r;rrDcCstdt|jtjd|S)aReveal the inferred type of a variable. When a static type checker encounters a call to ``reveal_type()``, it will emit the inferred type of the argument:: x: int = 1 reveal_type(x) Running a static type checker (e.g., ``mypy``) on this example will produce output similar to 'Revealed type is "builtins.int"'. At runtime, the function prints the runtime type of the argument and returns it unchanged. zRuntime type is )file)printrr|r stderrrPrururxr; s_ASSERT_NEVER_REPR_MAX_LENGTHdr&r0cCs2t|}t|tkr|dtd}td|)a1Assert to the type checker that a line of code is unreachable. Example:: def int_or_str(arg: int | str) -> None: match arg: case int(): print("It's an int") case str(): print("It's a str") case _: assert_never(arg) If a type checker finds that a call to assert_never() is reachable, it will emit an error. At runtime, this throws an exception when called. Nz...z*Expected code to be unreachable, but got: )rrrsAssertionError)r0rrururxr& s ) eq_default order_defaultkw_only_defaultfrozen_defaultfield_specifiersrvrwrxryrz.rc sfdd}|S)aDecorator that marks a function, class, or metaclass as providing dataclass-like behavior. Example: from typing_extensions import dataclass_transform _T = TypeVar("_T") # Used on a decorator function @dataclass_transform() def create_model(cls: type[_T]) -> type[_T]: ... return cls @create_model class CustomerModel: id: int name: str # Used on a base class @dataclass_transform() class ModelBase: ... class CustomerModel(ModelBase): id: int name: str # Used on a metaclass @dataclass_transform() class ModelMeta(type): ... class ModelBase(metaclass=ModelMeta): ... class CustomerModel(ModelBase): id: int name: str Each of the ``CustomerModel`` classes defined in this example will now behave similarly to a dataclass created with the ``@dataclasses.dataclass`` decorator. For example, the type checker will synthesize an ``__init__`` method. The arguments to this decorator can be used to customize this behavior: - ``eq_default`` indicates whether the ``eq`` parameter is assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller. - ``order_default`` indicates whether the ``order`` parameter is assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller. - ``kw_only_default`` indicates whether the ``kw_only`` parameter is assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller. - ``frozen_default`` indicates whether the ``frozen`` parameter is assumed to be True or False if it is omitted by the caller. - ``field_specifiers`` specifies a static list of supported classes or functions that describe fields, similar to ``dataclasses.field()``. At runtime, this decorator records its arguments in the ``__dataclass_transform__`` attribute on the decorated object. See PEP 681 for details. csd|_|S)N)rvrwrxryrzr)__dataclass_transform__) cls_or_fnrvrzryrxrrwrurx decorators sz&dataclass_transform..decoratorru)rvrwrxryrzrr~rur}rxr)* sI r)r9_F)rc Cr)aHIndicate that a method is intended to override a method in a base class. Usage: class Base: def method(self) -> None: pass class Child(Base): @override def method(self) -> None: super().method() When this decorator is applied to a method, the type checker will validate that it overrides a method with the same name on a base class. This helps prevent bugs that may occur when a base class is changed without an equivalent change to a child class. There is no runtime checking of these properties. The decorator sets the ``__override__`` attribute to ``True`` on the decorated object to allow runtime introspection. See PEP 698 for details. T) __override__rrr/rururxr9 sr*_Tc @sPeZdZdZedddedejeje de ddfd d Z d e de fd d Z dS)r*aIndicate that a class, function or overload is deprecated. When this decorator is applied to an object, the type checker will generate a diagnostic on usage of the deprecated object. Usage: @deprecated("Use B instead") class A: pass @deprecated("Use g instead") def f(): pass @overload @deprecated("int support is deprecated") def g(x: int) -> int: ... @overload def g(x: str) -> int: ... The warning specified by *category* will be emitted at runtime on use of deprecated objects. For functions, that happens on calls; for classes, on instantiation and on creation of subclasses. If the *category* is ``None``, no warning is emitted at runtime. The *stacklevel* determines where the warning is emitted. If it is ``1`` (the default), the warning is emitted at the direct caller of the deprecated object; if it is higher, it is emitted further up the stack. Static type checker behavior is not affected by the *category* and *stacklevel* arguments. The deprecation message passed to the decorator is saved in the ``__deprecated__`` attribute on the decorated object. If applied to an overload, the decorator must be after the ``@overload`` decorator for the attribute to exist on the overload as returned by ``get_overloads()``. 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This gives a nice error message in case of count mismatch. rrcSg|]}t|s|qSrurQrrururx G "_check_generic..css|]}t|tVqdSr)rr rrururxrH s!_check_generic..rNrcs |] }t|dttuVqdSrNrrarrururxrW   rr argumentsrrrr z for rr) rrrrrsumrrar rQ)rrelenrb expect_val num_tv_tuplesnum_default_tvthingsrururx_check_generic8 sB   rc Cs|s t|dt|}||krX|}t|drBdd|jD}||krBt||dttur0dStdd|D}||8}d |}td ||krJd nd d |d|d|dS)rrrcSrrurrrururxro rrrNcsrrrrrururxr| rrrrrrrrr)rrrrrrar)rrrrbrrrururxrd s2  c Csdztd}Wn ttfyYdSw|jddkrdS|jd}|tjup1|t up1|tj uS)Nr Fr|rr) r r!rr$r"r#f_localsrrSr:)framerrururx"_has_generic_or_protocol_as_origin s rcCs<t|turdSt|}t|ot|dkot|dtvS)NFrr)r/rr.rrr_TYPEVARTUPLE_TYPES)xrrururx_is_unpacked_typevartuple s  r_collect_type_varscs|durtj}gt}d}d}|D]G}t|rd}n-t||rH|vrH|rCt|dttu}|r9|r6tdd}n |rCtd|d|t |rY fdd |j Dqt S) zCollect all type variable contained in types in order of first appearance (lexicographic order). For example:: _collect_type_vars((T, List[S, T])) == (T, S) NFTr2Type parameter with a default follows TypeVarTupleType parameter 8 without a default follows type parameter with a defaultcsg|]}|vr|qSruru)rrtvarsrurxr rz&_collect_type_vars..) rr rrrrrarrrrrr)r typevar_typesenforce_default_orderingdefault_encounteredtype_var_tuple_encounteredrrrurrxr s. c Csg}t}d}d}|D]l}t|trq t|tr/|D]}t|gD] }||vr,||q!qq t|dr_||vr^|rYt|dttu}|rJ|rJt d|rOd}n |rYt d|d||q t |red}t|dd D] }||vrv||qkq t|S) zCollect all type variables and parameter specifications in args in order of first appearance (lexicographic order). For example:: assert _collect_parameters((T, Callable[P, T])) == (T, P) F__typing_subst__rrTrrrru) rrrr_collect_parametersrrrrarr) rrrrrrr collectedrrururxr sH      rcCsPdd|D}dd|D}tj||||d}||_|j_tjdkr&||_|S)NcSsg|]\}}|qSrururrrrururxr z!_make_nmtuple..c Ss&i|]\}}|t|d|dqS)zfield z annotation must be a typerrrururxr sz!_make_nmtuple..rrrr)rG namedtuplerrr rQ _field_types)rrrrrrrnm_tplrururx _make_nmtuple s r>r|r}rc@rr)_NamedTupleMetac st|vsJ|D]}|tur|tjurtdqtdd|D}dvr*d}n dvr5dd}ni}g}|D]&}|vrG||q;|ratd|dt|dkrVd nd d d |q;t|| fd d|Ddd}||_ tj|vrt tdrt tj |_n tjjj} t | |_ D]c\} } | tvrtd| | tvr| |jvrt|| | zt| j} Wn tyYqwz| | || Wqty} zdt| jd| d|}tjdkr| |t|| d} ~ wwqtj|vr||S)Nz3can only inherit from a NamedTuple type and Genericcss |] }|tur tn|VqdSr) _NamedTupler)rrrururxr/ sz*_NamedTupleMeta.__new__..rr|rzNon-default namedtuple field z cannot follow default fieldsrrrcsg|]}|qSruru)rrrrurxrB rz+_NamedTupleMeta.__new__..r}r_generic_class_getitemz&Cannot overwrite NamedTuple attribute zError calling __set_name__ on z instance z in rV)rrrSrrrrrrrrMrrrrr_prohibited_namedtuple_fieldsr_special_namedtuple_fields_fieldsrr __set_name__ BaseExceptionr|r rQadd_note RuntimeErrorrK)rrr6rrr default_names field_namer class_getitemkeyrset_namerUrrurrxr) s              z_NamedTupleMeta.__new__N)r|r}r~rrurururxr( rrrcCst|vsJtfSr)rrrrururx_namedtuple_mro_entriesp s rcKs|tur|r d}d}n4d}d|d|d}d|d}n"|d ur9|r'td d }d|d|d}d|d}n|r?td |tusG|d urXtj|j|d dtdd|}t||td}t f|_ |S)aoTyped version of namedtuple. Usage:: class Employee(NamedTuple): name: str id: int This is equivalent to:: Employee = collections.namedtuple('Employee', ['name', 'id']) The resulting class has an extra __annotations__ attribute, giving a dict that maps field names to types. (The field names are also in the _fields attribute, which is part of the namedtuple API.) An alternative equivalent functional syntax is also accepted:: Employee = NamedTuple('Employee', [('name', str), ('id', int)]) z3Creating NamedTuple classes using keyword argumentszq{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. Use the class-based or functional syntax instead.rrz = NamedTuple(z, [])`z{name} is deprecated and will be disallowed in Python {remove}. 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Eggs = NamedTuple("Eggs", [("a", int), ("b", str)]) Spam = TypedDict("Spam", {"a": int, "b": str}) assert get_original_bases(Bar) == (Foo[int], float) assert get_original_bases(Baz) == (list[str],) assert get_original_bases(Eggs) == (NamedTuple,) assert get_original_bases(Spam) == (TypedDict,) assert get_original_bases(int) == (object,) r{z"Expected an instance of type, not N)rr#rMrrrr|rErururxr0 s c@sVeZdZdZddZddZddZdd Zd d Ze j d kr)d dZ ddZ dSdS)r7aLNewType creates simple unique types with almost zero runtime overhead. NewType(name, tp) is considered a subtype of tp by static type checkers. At runtime, NewType(name, tp) returns a dummy callable that simply returns its argument. Usage:: UserId = NewType('UserId', int) def name_by_id(user_id: UserId) -> str: ... 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The type_params argument should contain all the type parameters used in the value of the type alias. If the alias is not generic, this argument is omitted. Static type checkers should only support type aliases declared using TypeAliasType that follow these rules: - The first argument (the name) must be a string literal. - The TypeAliasType instance must be immediately assigned to a variable of the same name. (For example, 'X = TypeAliasType("Y", int)' is invalid, as is 'X, Y = TypeAliasType("X", int), TypeAliasType("Y", int)'). ru) type_paramsrcCstt|ts td||_||_g}|D]}t|tr ||q||qt||_ t }|dkr5||_ ||_ dS)Nz#TypeAliasType name must be a stringr) rrr __value____type_params__r rrrrr'r}r|)rwrrrrrrrururxr^ s      zTypeAliasType.__init__rrDNcs&t|dr ||t||dS)Nr|)r_raise_attribute_errorrr)rwrrrrurxrq s  zTypeAliasType.__setattr__cCs||dSr)rrwrrururx __delattr__v r zTypeAliasType.__delattr__cCs8|dkrtd|dvrtd|dtd|d)Nr|zreadonly attribute>rr}rrz attribute 'z3' of 'typing.TypeAliasType' objects is not writablez0'typing.TypeAliasType' object has no attribute '')rrrururxry s  z$TypeAliasType._raise_attribute_errorcCr$rr%rvrururxry r&zTypeAliasType.__repr__cs2t|ts|f}fdd|D}tt|S)Ncs"g|] }t|djdqS)z Subscripting z requires a type.)rrr|)rr6rvrurxr s z-TypeAliasType.__getitem__..)rrrrrrurvrxr s  zTypeAliasType.__getitem__cCr$rr%rvrururxr r&zTypeAliasType.__reduce__cOr)NzEtype 'typing_extensions.TypeAliasType' is not an acceptable base typerrrururxrK szTypeAliasType.__init_subclass__cCr)NzType alias is not callablerrvrururxrh rzTypeAliasType.__call__rcCst|stStj||fSrrrrrj)rwrerururxrG szTypeAliasType.__or__cCst|stStj||fSrr)rwrdrururxrI szTypeAliasType.__ror__)r|r}r~rrrrrrDrrryrrrKrhr rQrGrIrrururrxr@B s  r4rcCs(t|tot|ddo|tuo|tjuS)aZReturn True if the given type is a Protocol. Example:: >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, is_protocol >>> class P(Protocol): ... def a(self) -> str: ... ... b: int >>> is_protocol(P) True >>> is_protocol(int) False r,F)rrrr:rrrururxr4 s  cCs6t|s t|dt|drt|jStt|S)aReturn the set of members defined in a Protocol. Example:: >>> from typing_extensions import Protocol, get_protocol_members >>> class P(Protocol): ... def a(self) -> str: ... ... b: int >>> get_protocol_members(P) frozenset({'a', 'b'}) Raise a TypeError for arguments that are not Protocols. z is not a Protocolr)r4rrrrrrrururxr1 s    r1r+c@sPeZdZdZdeddfddZdefddZdefd d Zd e de fd d Z dS)r+afDefine the documentation of a type annotation using ``Annotated``, to be used in class attributes, function and method parameters, return values, and variables. The value should be a positional-only string literal to allow static tools like editors and documentation generators to use it. This complements docstrings. 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